Thermal conductivity of common metals, metallic elements aand Alloys
The heat balance equation is given by, qi = qo+q1 -Eq (2) Where, qi = Input heat rate from the heater to the copper rod (Watts). Qo = Output heat flow rate from the rod. = Heat flow rate absorbed by water in the cooling water jacket (Watts). Q1= Heat loss from the rod to the surrounding s through thermal insulation, watts (Watts), Assumed to be zero. Conduction is a process by which heat is transferred from the hot area of a solid object to the cool area of a solid object by the collisions of particles. In other words, in solids the atoms or molecules do not have the freedom to move, as liquids or gases do, so the energy is stored in the vibration of atoms. The energy from the hot water makes the molecules of the metal rod move faster, which we can feel as the rod heating up. The heat spreads up the rod as the faster molecules at the end of the rod bump into adjacent molecules and give them energy too - so the middle of the rod (even though it was not touching the water) got warmer as well.
Thermal Conductivity - k - is the quantity of heat transmitted due to an unit temperature gradient, in unit time under steady conditions in a direction normal to a surface of the unit area. Thermal Conductivity - k - is used in the Fourier's equation.
| Metal, Metallic Element or Alloy | Temperature - t - (oC) | Thermal Conductivity - k - (W/m K) |
|---|---|---|
| Aluminum | -73 | 237 |
| ' | 0 | 236 |
| ' | 127 | 240 |
| ' | 327 | 232 |
| ' | 527 | 220 |
| Aluminum - Duralumin (94-96% Al, 3-5% Cu, trace Mg) | 20 | 164 |
| Aluminum - Silumin (87% Al, 13% Si) | 20 | 164 |
| Aluminum bronze | 0 - 25 | 70 |
| Aluminum alloy 3003, rolled | 0 - 25 | 190 |
| Aluminum alloy 2014. annealed | 0 - 25 | 190 |
| Aluminum alloy 360 | 0 - 25 | 150 |
| Antimony | -73 | 30.2 |
| ' | 0 | 25.5 |
| ' | 127 | 21.2 |
| ' | 327 | 18.2 |
| ' | 527 | 16.8 |
| Beryllium | -73 | 301 |
| ' | 0 | 218 |
| ' | 127 | 161 |
| ' | 327 | 126 |
| ' | 527 | 107 |
| ' | 727 | 89 |
| ' | 927 | 73 |
| Beryllium copper 25 | 0 - 25 | 80 |
| Bismuth | -73 | 9.7 |
| ' | 0 | 8.2 |
| Boron | -73 | 52.5 |
| ' | 0 | 31.7 |
| ' | 127 | 18.7 |
| ' | 327 | 11.3 |
| ' | 527 | 8.1 |
| ' | 727 | 6.3 |
| ' | 927 | 5.2 |
| Cadmium | -73 | 99.3 |
| ' | 0 | 97.5 |
| ' | 127 | 94.7 |
| Cesium | -73 | 36.8 |
| ' | 0 | 36.1 |
| Chromium | -73 | 111 |
| ' | 0 | 94.8 |
| ' | 127 | 87.3 |
| ' | 327 | 80.5 |
| ' | 527 | 71.3 |
| ' | 727 | 65.3 |
| ' | 927 | 62.4 |
| Cobalt | -73 | 122 |
| ' | 0 | 104 |
| ' | 127 | 84.8 |
| Copper | -73 | 413 |
| ' | 0 | 401 |
| ' | 127 | 392 |
| ' | 327 | 383 |
| ' | 527 | 371 |
| ' | 727 | 357 |
| ' | 927 | 342 |
| Copper, electrolytic (ETP) | 0 - 25 | 390 |
| Copper - Admiralty Brass | 20 | 111 |
| Copper - Aluminum Bronze (95% Cu, 5% Al) | 20 | 83 |
| Copper - Bronze (75% Cu, 25% Sn) | 20 | 26 |
| Copper - Brass (Yellow Brass) (70% Cu, 30% Zn) | 20 | 111 |
| Copper - Cartridge brass (UNS C26000) | 20 | 120 |
| Copper - Constantan (60% Cu, 40% Ni) | 20 | 22.7 |
| Copper - German Silver (62% Cu, 15% Ni, 22% Zn) | 20 | 24.9 |
| Copper - Phosphor bronze (10% Sn, UNS C52400) | 20 | 50 |
| Copper - Red Brass (85% Cu, 9% Sn, 6%Zn) | 20 | 61 |
| Cupronickel | 20 | 29 |
| Germanium | -73 | 96.8 |
| ' | 0 | 66.7 |
| ' | 127 | 43.2 |
| ' | 327 | 27.3 |
| ' | 527 | 19.8 |
| ' | 727 | 17.4 |
| ' | 927 | 17.4 |
| Gold | -73 | 327 |
| ' | 0 | 318 |
| ' | 127 | 312 |
| ' | 327 | 304 |
| ' | 527 | 292 |
| ' | 727 | 278 |
| ' | 927 | 262 |
| Hafnium | -73 | 24.4 |
| ' | 0 | 23.3 |
| ' | 127 | 22.3 |
| ' | 327 | 21.3 |
| ' | 527 | 20.8 |
| ' | 727 | 20.7 |
| ' | 927 | 20.9 |
| Hastelloy C | 0 - 25 | 12 |
| Inconel | 21 - 100 | 15 |
| Incoloy | 0 – 100 | 12 |
| Indium | -73 | 89.7 |
| ' | 0 | 83.7 |
| ' | 127 | 75.5 |
| Iridium | -73 | 153 |
| ' | 0 | 148 |
| ' | 127 | 144 |
| ' | 327 | 138 |
| ' | 527 | 132 |
| ' | 727 | 126 |
| ' | 927 | 120 |
| Iron | -73 | 94 |
| ' | 0 | 83.5 |
| ' | 127 | 69.4 |
| ' | 327 | 54.7 |
| ' | 527 | 43.3 |
| ' | 727 | 32.6 |
| ' | 927 | 28.2 |
| Iron - Cast | 20 | 52 |
| Iron - Nodular pearlitic | 100 | 31 |
| Iron - Wrought | 20 | 59 |
| Lead | -73 | 36.6 |
| ' | 0 | 35.5 |
| ' | 127 | 33.8 |
| ' | 327 | 31.2 |
| Chemical lead | 0 - 25 | 35 |
| Antimonial lead (hard lead) | 0 - 25 | 30 |
| Lithium | -73 | 88.1 |
| ' | 0 | 79.2 |
| ' | 127 | 72.1 |
| Magnesium | -73 | 159 |
| ' | 0 | 157 |
| ' | 127 | 153 |
| ' | 327 | 149 |
| ' | 527 | 146 |
| Magnesium alloy AZ31B | 0 - 25 | 100 |
| Manganese | -73 | 7.17 |
| ' | 0 | 7.68 |
| Mercury | -73 | 28.9 |
| Molybdenum | -73 | 143 |
| ' | 0 | 139 |
| ' | 127 | 134 |
| ' | 327 | 126 |
| ' | 527 | 118 |
| ' | 727 | 112 |
| ' | 927 | 105 |
| Monel | 0 – 100 | 26 |
| Nickel | -73 | 106 |
| ' | 0 | 94 |
| ' | 127 | 80.1 |
| ' | 327 | 65.5 |
| ' | 527 | 67.4 |
| ' | 727 | 71.8 |
| ' | 927 | 76.1 |
| Nickel - Wrought | 0 – 100 | 61 – 90 |
| Cupronickel 50 -45 (Constantan) | 0 - 25 | 20 |
| Niobium (Columbium) | -73 | 52.6 |
| ' | 0 | 53.3 |
| ' | 127 | 55.2 |
| ' | 327 | 58.2 |
| ' | 527 | 61.3 |
| ' | 727 | 64.4 |
| ' | 927 | 67.5 |
| Osmium | 20 | 61 |
| Palladium | 75.5 | |
| Platinum | -73 | 72.4 |
| ' | 0 | 71.5 |
| ' | 127 | 71.6 |
| ' | 327 | 73.0 |
| ' | 527 | 75.5 |
| ' | 727 | 78.6 |
| ' | 927 | 82.6 |
| Plutonium | 20 | 8.0 |
| Potassium | -73 | 104 |
| ' | 0 | 104 |
| ' | 127 | 52 |
| Red brass | 0 - 25 | 160 |
| Rhenium | -73 | 51 |
| ' | 0 | 48.6 |
| ' | 127 | 46.1 |
| ' | 327 | 44.2 |
| ' | 527 | 44.1 |
| ' | 727 | 44.6 |
| ' | 927 | 45.7 |
| Rhodium | -73 | 154 |
| ' | 0 | 151 |
| ' | 127 | 146 |
| ' | 327 | 136 |
| ' | 527 | 127 |
| ' | 727 | 121 |
| ' | 927 | 115 |
| Rubidium | -73 | 58.9 |
| ' | 0 | 58.3 |
| Selenium | 20 | 0.52 |
| Silicon | -73 | 264 |
| ' | 0 | 168 |
| ' | 127 | 98.9 |
| ' | 327 | 61.9 |
| ' | 527 | 42.2 |
| ' | 727 | 31.2 |
| ' | 927 | 25.7 |
| Silver | -73 | 403 |
| ' | 0 | 428 |
| ' | 127 | 420 |
| ' | 327 | 405 |
| ' | 527 | 389 |
| ' | 727 | 374 |
| ' | 927 | 358 |
| Sodium | -73 | 138 |
| ' | 0 | 135 |
| Solder 50 - 50 | 0 - 25 | 50 |
| Steel - Carbon, 0.5% C | 20 | 54 |
| Steel - Carbon, 1% C | 20 | 43 |
| Steel - Carbon, 1.5% C | 20 | 36 |
| ' | 400 | 36 |
| ' | 122 | 33 |
| Steel - Chrome, 1% Cr | 20 | 61 |
| Steel - Chrome, 5% Cr | 20 | 40 |
| Steel - Chrome, 10% Cr | 20 | 31 |
| Steel - Chrome Nickel, 15% Cr, 10% Ni | 20 | 19 |
| Steel - Chrome Nickel, 20% Cr, 15% Ni | 20 | 15.1 |
| Steel - Hastelloy B | 20 | 10 |
| Steel - Hastelloy C | 21 | 8.7 |
| Steel - Nickel, 10% Ni | 20 | 26 |
| Steel - Nickel, 20% Ni | 20 | 19 |
| Steel - Nickel, 40% Ni | 20 | 10 |
| Steel - Nickel, 60% Ni | 20 | 19 |
| Steel - Nickel Chrome, 80% Ni, 15% Ni | 20 | 17 |
| Steel - Nickel Chrome, 40% Ni, 15% Ni | 20 | 11.6 |
| Steel - Manganese, 1% Mn | 20 | 50 |
| Steel - Stainless, Type 304 | 20 | 14.4 |
| Steel - Stainless, Type 347 | 20 | 14.3 |
| Steel - Tungsten, 1% W | 20 | 66 |
| Steel - Wrought Carbon | 0 | 59 |
| Tantalum | -73 | 57.5 |
| ' | 0 | 57.4 |
| ' | 127 | 57.8 |
| ' | 327 | 58.9 |
| ' | 527 | 59.4 |
| ' | 727 | 60.2 |
| ' | 927 | 61 |
| Thorium | 20 | 42 |
| Tin | -73 | 73.3 |
| ' | 0 | 68.2 |
| ' | 127 | 62.2 |
| Titanium | -73 | 24.5 |
| ' | 0 | 22.4 |
| ' | 127 | 20.4 |
| ' | 327 | 19.4 |
| ' | 527 | 19.7 |
| ' | 727 | 20.7 |
| ' | 927 | 22 |
| Tungsten | -73 | 197 |
| ' | 0 | 182 |
| ' | 127 | 162 |
| ' | 327 | 139 |
| ' | 527 | 128 |
| ' | 727 | 121 |
| ' | 927 | 115 |
| Uranium | -73 | 25.1 |
| ' | 0 | 27 |
| ' | 127 | 29.6 |
| ' | 327 | 34 |
| ' | 527 | 38.8 |
| ' | 727 | 43.9 |
| ' | 927 | 49 |
| Vanadium | -73 | 31.5 |
| ' | 0 | 31.3 |
| ' | 427 | 32.1 |
| ' | 327 | 34.2 |
| ' | 527 | 36.3 |
| ' | 727 | 38.6 |
| ' | 927 | 41.2 |
| Zinc | -73 | 123 |
| ' | 0 | 122 |
| ' | 127 | 116 |
| ' | 327 | 105 |
| Zirconium | -73 | 25.2 |
| ' | 0 | 23.2 |
| ' | 127 | 21.6 |
| ' | 327 | 20.7 |
| ' | 527 | 21.6 |
| ' | 727 | 23.7 |
| ' | 927 | 25.7 |
Alloys - Temperature and Thermal Conductivity
Temperature and thermal conductivity for
- Hastelloy A
- Inconel
- Nichrome V
- Kovar
- Advance
- Monel
alloys:
Related Topics
- Material Properties - Material properties for gases, fluids and solids - densities, specific heats, viscosities and more
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